/****************************************************************************
Copyright (c) 2008-2010 Ricardo Quesada
Copyright (c) 2010-2012 cocos2d-x.org
Copyright (c) 2011      Zynga Inc.
Copyright (c) 2013-2014 Chukong Technologies Inc.
 
http://www.cocos2d-x.org

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
THE SOFTWARE.
****************************************************************************/

#include "CCAutoPolygon.h"
#include "poly2tri/poly2tri.h"
#include "base/CCDirector.h"
#include "renderer/CCTextureCache.h"
#include "clipper/clipper.hpp"
#include <algorithm>
#include <math.h>

USING_NS_CC;

static unsigned short quadIndices[]={0,1,2, 3,2,1};
const static float PRECISION = 10.0f;

PolygonInfo::PolygonInfo(const PolygonInfo& other):
triangles(),
isVertsOwner(true),
rect()
{
    filename = other.filename;
    isVertsOwner = other.isVertsOwner;
    rect = other.rect;
    triangles.verts = new V3F_C4B_T2F[other.triangles.vertCount];
    triangles.indices = new unsigned short[other.triangles.indexCount];
    triangles.vertCount = other.triangles.vertCount;
    triangles.indexCount = other.triangles.indexCount;
    memcpy(triangles.verts, other.triangles.verts, other.triangles.vertCount*sizeof(V3F_C4B_T2F));
    memcpy(triangles.indices, other.triangles.indices, other.triangles.indexCount*sizeof(unsigned short));
};

PolygonInfo& PolygonInfo::operator= (const PolygonInfo& other)
{
    if(this != &other)
    {
        releaseVertsAndIndices();
        filename = other.filename;
        isVertsOwner = other.isVertsOwner;
        rect = other.rect;
        triangles.verts = new V3F_C4B_T2F[other.triangles.vertCount];
        triangles.indices = new unsigned short[other.triangles.indexCount];
        triangles.vertCount = other.triangles.vertCount;
        triangles.indexCount = other.triangles.indexCount;
        memcpy(triangles.verts, other.triangles.verts, other.triangles.vertCount*sizeof(V3F_C4B_T2F));
        memcpy(triangles.indices, other.triangles.indices, other.triangles.indexCount*sizeof(unsigned short));
    }
    return *this;
}

PolygonInfo::~PolygonInfo()
{
    releaseVertsAndIndices();
}

void PolygonInfo::setQuad(V3F_C4B_T2F_Quad *quad)
{
    releaseVertsAndIndices();
    isVertsOwner = false;
    triangles.indices = quadIndices;
    triangles.vertCount = 4;
    triangles.indexCount = 6;
    triangles.verts = (V3F_C4B_T2F*)quad;
}

void PolygonInfo::releaseVertsAndIndices()
{
    if(isVertsOwner)
    {
        if(nullptr != triangles.verts)
        {
            CC_SAFE_DELETE_ARRAY(triangles.verts);
        }
        
        if(nullptr != triangles.indices)
        {
            CC_SAFE_DELETE_ARRAY(triangles.indices);
        }
    }
}

const unsigned int PolygonInfo::getVertCount() const
{
    return (unsigned int)triangles.vertCount;
}

const unsigned int PolygonInfo::getTriaglesCount() const
{
    return (unsigned int)triangles.indexCount/3;
}

const float PolygonInfo::getArea() const
{
    float area = 0;
    V3F_C4B_T2F *verts = triangles.verts;
    unsigned short *indices = triangles.indices;
    for(int i = 0; i < triangles.indexCount; i+=3)
    {
        auto A = verts[indices[i]].vertices;
        auto B = verts[indices[i+1]].vertices;
        auto C = verts[indices[i+2]].vertices;
        area += (A.x*(B.y-C.y) + B.x*(C.y-A.y) + C.x*(A.y - B.y))/2;
    }
    return area;
}

AutoPolygon::AutoPolygon(const std::string &filename)
:_image(nullptr)
,_data(nullptr)
,_filename("")
,_width(0)
,_height(0)
,_scaleFactor(0)
{
    _filename = filename;
    _image = new Image();
    _image->initWithImageFile(filename);
    CCASSERT(_image->getRenderFormat()==Texture2D::PixelFormat::RGBA8888, "unsupported format, currently only supports rgba8888");
    _data = _image->getData();
    _width = _image->getWidth();
    _height = _image->getHeight();
    _scaleFactor = Director::getInstance()->getContentScaleFactor();
}

AutoPolygon::~AutoPolygon()
{
    CC_SAFE_DELETE(_image);
}

std::vector<Vec2> AutoPolygon::trace(const Rect& rect, const float& threshold)
{
    Vec2 first = findFirstNoneTransparentPixel(rect, threshold);
    return marchSquare(rect, first, threshold);
}

Vec2 AutoPolygon::findFirstNoneTransparentPixel(const Rect& rect, const float& threshold)
{
	bool found = false;
    Vec2 i;
    for(i.y = rect.origin.y; i.y < rect.origin.y+rect.size.height; i.y++)
    {
        if(found)break;
        for(i.x = rect.origin.x; i.x < rect.origin.x+rect.size.width; i.x++)
        {
            auto alpha = getAlphaByPos(i);
            if(alpha>threshold)
            {
                found = true;
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    CCASSERT(found, "image is all transparent!");
    return i;
}

unsigned char AutoPolygon::getAlphaByIndex(const unsigned int& i)
{
    return *(_data+i*4+3);
}
unsigned char AutoPolygon::getAlphaByPos(const Vec2& pos)
{
    return *(_data+((int)pos.y*_width+(int)pos.x)*4+3);
}

unsigned int AutoPolygon::getSquareValue(const unsigned int& x, const unsigned int& y, const Rect& rect, const float& threshold)
{
    /*
     checking the 2x2 pixel grid, assigning these values to each pixel, if not transparent
     +---+---+
     | 1 | 2 |
     +---+---+
     | 4 | 8 | <- current pixel (curx,cury)
     +---+---+
     */
    unsigned int sv = 0;
    //NOTE: due to the way we pick points from texture, rect needs to be smaller, otherwise it goes outside 1 pixel
    auto fixedRect = Rect(rect.origin, rect.size-Size(2,2));
    
    Vec2 tl = Vec2(x-1, y-1);
    sv += (fixedRect.containsPoint(tl) && getAlphaByPos(tl) > threshold)? 1 : 0;
    Vec2 tr = Vec2(x, y-1);
    sv += (fixedRect.containsPoint(tr) && getAlphaByPos(tr) > threshold)? 2 : 0;
    Vec2 bl = Vec2(x-1, y);
    sv += (fixedRect.containsPoint(bl) && getAlphaByPos(bl) > threshold)? 4 : 0;
    Vec2 br = Vec2(x, y);
    sv += (fixedRect.containsPoint(br) && getAlphaByPos(br) > threshold)? 8 : 0;
    CCASSERT(sv != 0 && sv != 15, "square value should not be 0, or 15");
    return sv;
}

std::vector<cocos2d::Vec2> AutoPolygon::marchSquare(const Rect& rect, const Vec2& start, const float& threshold)
{
    int stepx = 0;
    int stepy = 0;
    int prevx = 0;
    int prevy = 0;
    int startx = start.x;
    int starty = start.y;
    int curx = startx;
    int cury = starty;
    unsigned int count = 0;
    unsigned int totalPixel = _width*_height;
    bool problem = false;
    std::vector<int> case9s;
    std::vector<int> case6s;
    int i;
    std::vector<int>::iterator it;
    std::vector<cocos2d::Vec2> _points;
    do{
        int sv = getSquareValue(curx, cury, rect, threshold);
        switch(sv){

            case 1:
            case 5:
            case 13:
                /* going UP with these cases:
                 1          5           13
                 +---+---+  +---+---+  +---+---+ 
                 | 1 |   |  | 1 |   |  | 1 |   | 
                 +---+---+  +---+---+  +---+---+ 
                 |   |   |  | 4 |   |  | 4 | 8 | 
                 +---+---+  +---+---+  +---+---+
                 */
                stepx = 0;
                stepy = -1;
                break;

                
            case 8:
            case 10:
            case 11:
                /* going DOWN with these cases:
                 8          10          11
                 +---+---+  +---+---+   +---+---+
                 |   |   |  |   | 2 |   | 1 | 2 |
                 +---+---+  +---+---+   +---+---+
                 |   | 8 |  |   | 8 |   |   | 8 |
                 +---+---+  +---+---+  	+---+---+
                 */
                stepx = 0;
                stepy = 1;
                break;

                
            case 4:
            case 12:
            case 14:
                /* going LEFT with these cases:
                 4          12          14
                 +---+---+  +---+---+   +---+---+
                 |   |   |  |   |   |   |   | 2 |
                 +---+---+  +---+---+   +---+---+
                 | 4 |   |  | 4 | 8 |   | 4 | 8 |
                 +---+---+  +---+---+  	+---+---+
                 */
                stepx = -1;
                stepy = 0;
                break;
                
                
            case 2 :
            case 3 :
            case 7 :
                /* going RIGHT with these cases:
                 2          3           7        
                 +---+---+  +---+---+   +---+---+
                 |   | 2 |  | 1 | 2 |   | 1 | 2 |
                 +---+---+  +---+---+   +---+---+
                 |   |   |  |   |   |   | 4 |   |
                 +---+---+  +---+---+  	+---+---+
                 */
                stepx=1;
                stepy=0;
                break;
            case 9 :
                /*
                 +---+---+
                 | 1 |   |
                 +---+---+
                 |   | 8 |
                 +---+---+
                 this should normaly go UP, but if we already been here, we go down
                */
                //find index from xy;
                i = getIndexFromPos(curx, cury);
                it = find (case9s.begin(), case9s.end(), i);
                if (it != case9s.end())
                {
                    //found, so we go down, and delete from case9s;
                    stepx = 0;
                    stepy = 1;
                    case9s.erase(it);
                    problem = true;
                }
                else
                {
                    //not found, we go up, and add to case9s;
                    stepx = 0;
                    stepy = -1;
                    case9s.push_back(i);
                }
                break;
            case 6 :
                /*
                 6
                 +---+---+
                 |   | 2 |
                 +---+---+
                 | 4 |   |
                 +---+---+
                 this normally go RIGHT, but if its coming from UP, it should go LEFT
                 */
                i = getIndexFromPos(curx, cury);
                it = find (case6s.begin(), case6s.end(), i);
                if (it != case6s.end())
                {
                    //found, so we go down, and delete from case9s;
                    stepx = -1;
                    stepy = 0;
                    case6s.erase(it);
                    problem = true;
                }
                else{
                    //not found, we go up, and add to case9s;
                    stepx = 1;
                    stepy = 0;
                    case6s.push_back(i);
                }
                break;
            default:
                CCLOG("this shouldn't happen.");
        }
        //little optimization
        // if previous direction is same as current direction,
        // then we should modify the last vec to current
        curx += stepx;
        cury += stepy;
        if(stepx == prevx && stepy == prevy)
        {
            _points.back().x = (float)(curx-rect.origin.x) / _scaleFactor;
            _points.back().y = (float)(rect.size.height - cury + rect.origin.y) / _scaleFactor;
        }
        else if(problem)
        {
            //TODO: we triangulation cannot work collineer points, so we need to modify same point a little
            //TODO: maybe we can detect if we go into a hole and coming back the hole, we should extract those points and remove them
            _points.push_back(Vec2((float)(curx- rect.origin.x) / _scaleFactor, (float)(rect.size.height - cury + rect.origin.y) / _scaleFactor));
        }
        else{
            _points.push_back(Vec2((float)(curx-rect.origin.x) / _scaleFactor, (float)(rect.size.height - cury + rect.origin.y) / _scaleFactor));
        }

        count++;
        prevx = stepx;
        prevy = stepy;
        problem = false;
        CCASSERT(count <= totalPixel, "oh no, marching square cannot find starting position");
    } while(curx != startx || cury != starty);
    return _points;
}

float AutoPolygon::perpendicularDistance(const cocos2d::Vec2& i, const cocos2d::Vec2& start, const cocos2d::Vec2& end)
{
    float res;
    float slope;
    float intercept;
    
    if(start.x == end.x)
    {
        res = fabsf(i.x- end.x);
    }
    else if (start.y == end.y)
    {
        res = fabsf(i.y - end.y);
    }
    else{
        slope = (end.y - start.y) / (end.x - start.x);
        intercept = start.y - (slope*start.x);
        res = fabsf(slope * i.x - i.y + intercept) / sqrtf(powf(slope, 2)+1);
    }
    return res;
}
std::vector<cocos2d::Vec2> AutoPolygon::rdp(std::vector<cocos2d::Vec2> v, const float& optimization)
{
    if(v.size() < 3)
        return v;
    
    int index = -1;
    float dist = 0;
    //not looping first and last point
    for(size_t i = 1; i < v.size()-1; i++)
    {
        float cdist = perpendicularDistance(v[i], v.front(), v.back());
        if(cdist > dist)
        {
            dist = cdist;
            index = i;
        }
    }
    if (dist>optimization)
    {
        std::vector<Vec2>::const_iterator begin = v.begin();
        std::vector<Vec2>::const_iterator end   = v.end();
        std::vector<Vec2> l1(begin, begin+index+1);
        std::vector<Vec2> l2(begin+index, end);
        
        std::vector<Vec2> r1 = rdp(l1, optimization);
        std::vector<Vec2> r2 = rdp(l2, optimization);
        
        r1.insert(r1.end(), r2.begin()+1, r2.end());
        return r1;
    }
    else {
        std::vector<Vec2> ret;
        ret.push_back(v.front());
        ret.push_back(v.back());
        return ret;
    }
}
std::vector<Vec2> AutoPolygon::reduce(const std::vector<Vec2>& points, const Rect& rect , const float& epsilon)
{
    auto size = points.size();
    // if there are less than 3 points, then we have nothing
    if(size<3)
    {
        log("AUTOPOLYGON: cannot reduce points for %s that has less than 3 points in input, e: %f", _filename.c_str(), epsilon);
        return std::vector<Vec2>();
    }
    // if there are less than 9 points (but more than 3), then we don't need to reduce it
    else if (size < 9)
    {
        log("AUTOPOLYGON: cannot reduce points for %s e: %f",_filename.c_str(), epsilon);
        return points;
    }
    float maxEp = MIN(rect.size.width, rect.size.height);
    float ep = clampf(epsilon, 0.0, maxEp/_scaleFactor/2);
    std::vector<Vec2> result = rdp(points, ep);
    
    auto last = result.back();
    if(last.y > result.front().y && last.getDistance(result.front()) < ep*0.5)
    {
        result.front().y = last.y;
        result.pop_back();
    }
    return result;
}

std::vector<Vec2> AutoPolygon::expand(const std::vector<Vec2>& points, const cocos2d::Rect &rect, const float& epsilon)
{
    auto size = points.size();
    // if there are less than 3 points, then we have nothig
    if(size<3)
    {
        log("AUTOPOLYGON: cannot expand points for %s with less than 3 points, e: %f", _filename.c_str(), epsilon);
        return std::vector<Vec2>();
    }
    ClipperLib::Path subj;
    ClipperLib::PolyTree solution;
    ClipperLib::PolyTree out;
    for(std::vector<Vec2>::const_iterator it = points.begin(); it<points.end(); it++)
    {
        subj << ClipperLib::IntPoint(it-> x* PRECISION, it->y * PRECISION);
    }
    ClipperLib::ClipperOffset co;
    co.AddPath(subj, ClipperLib::jtMiter, ClipperLib::etClosedPolygon);
    co.Execute(solution, epsilon * PRECISION);
    
    ClipperLib::PolyNode* p = solution.GetFirst();
    if(!p)
    {
        log("AUTOPOLYGON: Clipper failed to expand the points");
        return points;
    }
    while(p->IsHole()){
        p = p->GetNext();
    }

    //turn the result into simply polygon (AKA, fix overlap)
    
    //clamp into the specified rect
    ClipperLib::Clipper cl;
    cl.StrictlySimple(true);
    cl.AddPath(p->Contour, ClipperLib::ptSubject, true);
    //create the clipping rect
    ClipperLib::Path clamp;
    clamp.push_back(ClipperLib::IntPoint(0, 0));
    clamp.push_back(ClipperLib::IntPoint(rect.size.width/_scaleFactor * PRECISION, 0));
    clamp.push_back(ClipperLib::IntPoint(rect.size.width/_scaleFactor * PRECISION, rect.size.height/_scaleFactor * PRECISION));
    clamp.push_back(ClipperLib::IntPoint(0, rect.size.height/_scaleFactor * PRECISION));
    cl.AddPath(clamp, ClipperLib::ptClip, true);
    cl.Execute(ClipperLib::ctIntersection, out);
    
    std::vector<Vec2> outPoints;
    ClipperLib::PolyNode* p2 = out.GetFirst();
    while(p2->IsHole()){
        p2 = p2->GetNext();
    }
    auto end = p2->Contour.end();
    for(std::vector<ClipperLib::IntPoint>::const_iterator pt = p2->Contour.begin(); pt < end; pt++)
    {
        outPoints.push_back(Vec2(pt->X/PRECISION, pt->Y/PRECISION));
    }
    return outPoints;
}

TrianglesCommand::Triangles AutoPolygon::triangulate(const std::vector<Vec2>& points)
{
    // if there are less than 3 points, then we can't triangulate
    if(points.size()<3)
    {
        log("AUTOPOLYGON: cannot triangulate %s with less than 3 points", _filename.c_str());
        return TrianglesCommand::Triangles();
    }
    std::vector<p2t::Point*> p2points;
    for(std::vector<Vec2>::const_iterator it = points.begin(); it<points.end(); it++)
    {
        p2t::Point * p = new p2t::Point(it->x, it->y);
        p2points.push_back(p);
    }
    p2t::CDT cdt(p2points);
    cdt.Triangulate();
    std::vector<p2t::Triangle*> tris = cdt.GetTriangles();
    
    V3F_C4B_T2F* verts= new V3F_C4B_T2F[points.size()];
    unsigned short* indices = new unsigned short[tris.size()*3];
    unsigned short idx = 0;
    unsigned short vdx = 0;

    for(std::vector<p2t::Triangle*>::const_iterator ite = tris.begin(); ite < tris.end(); ite++)
    {
        for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
        {
            auto p = (*ite)->GetPoint(i);
            auto v3 = Vec3(p->x, p->y, 0);
            bool found = false;
            size_t j;
            size_t length = vdx;
            for(j = 0; j < length; j++)
            {
                if(verts[j].vertices == v3)
                {
                    found = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if(found)
            {
                //if we found the same vertice, don't add to verts, but use the same vert with indices
                indices[idx] = j;
                idx++;
            }
            else
            {
                //vert does not exist yet, so we need to create a new one,
                auto c4b = Color4B::WHITE;
                auto t2f = Tex2F(0,0); // don't worry about tex coords now, we calculate that later
                V3F_C4B_T2F vert = {v3,c4b,t2f};
                verts[vdx] = vert;
                indices[idx] = vdx;
                idx++;
                vdx++;
            }
        }
    }
    for(auto j : p2points)
    {
        delete j;
    };
    TrianglesCommand::Triangles triangles = {verts, indices, vdx, idx};
    return triangles;
}

void AutoPolygon::calculateUV(const Rect& rect, V3F_C4B_T2F* verts, const ssize_t& count)
{
    /*
     whole texture UV coordination
     0,0                  1,0
     +---------------------+
     |                     |0.1
     |                     |0.2
     |     +--------+      |0.3
     |     |texRect |      |0.4
     |     |        |      |0.5
     |     |        |      |0.6
     |     +--------+      |0.7
     |                     |0.8
     |                     |0.9
     +---------------------+
     0,1                  1,1
     */
    
    CCASSERT(_width && _height, "please specify width and height for this AutoPolygon instance");
    float texWidth  = _width;
    float texHeight = _height;

    auto end = &verts[count];
    for(auto i = verts; i != end; i++)
    {
        // for every point, offcset with the centerpoint
        float u = (i->vertices.x*_scaleFactor + rect.origin.x) / texWidth;
        float v = (rect.origin.y+rect.size.height - i->vertices.y*_scaleFactor) / texHeight;
        i->texCoords.u = u;
        i->texCoords.v = v;
    }
}

Rect AutoPolygon::getRealRect(const Rect& rect)
{
    Rect realRect = rect;
    //check rect to see if its zero
    if(realRect.equals(Rect::ZERO))
    {
        //if the instance doesn't have width and height, then the whole operation is kaput
        CCASSERT(_height && _width, "Please specify a width and height for this instance before using its functions");
        realRect = Rect(0,0, _width, _height);
    }
    else{
        //rect is specified, so convert to real rect
        auto scale = Director::getInstance()->getContentScaleFactor();
        realRect = Rect(rect.origin*scale, rect.size*scale);
    }
    return realRect;
}

PolygonInfo AutoPolygon::generateTriangles(const Rect& rect, const float& epsilon, const float& threshold)
{
    Rect realRect = getRealRect(rect);
    auto p = trace(realRect, threshold);
    p = reduce(p, realRect, epsilon);
    p = expand(p, realRect, epsilon);
    auto tri = triangulate(p);
    calculateUV(realRect, tri.verts, tri.vertCount);
    PolygonInfo ret;
    ret.triangles = tri;
    ret.filename = _filename;
    ret.rect = realRect;
    return ret;
}
PolygonInfo AutoPolygon::generatePolygon(const std::string& filename, const Rect& rect, const float epsilon, const float threshold)
{
    AutoPolygon ap(filename);
    auto ret = ap.generateTriangles(rect, epsilon, threshold);
    return ret;
}
