using UnityEngine;
using System;
using Cinemachine.Utility;
using UnityEngine.Serialization;

namespace Cinemachine
{
    /// <summary>
    /// This is a CinemachineComponent in the Aim section of the component pipeline.
    /// Its job is to aim the camera at the vcam's LookAt target object, with 
    /// configurable offsets, damping, and composition rules.
    /// 
    /// The composer does not change the camera's position.  It will only pan and tilt the 
    /// camera where it is, in order to get the desired framing.  To move the camera, you have
    /// to use the virtual camera's Body section.
    /// </summary>
    [DocumentationSorting(DocumentationSortingAttribute.Level.UserRef)]
    [AddComponentMenu("")] // Don't display in add component menu
    [SaveDuringPlay]
    public class CinemachineComposer : CinemachineComponentBase
    {
        /// <summary>Target offset from the object's center in LOCAL space which
        /// the Composer tracks. Use this to fine-tune the tracking target position
        /// when the desired area is not in the tracked object's center</summary>
        [Tooltip("Target offset from the target object's center in target-local space. Use this to fine-tune the tracking target position when the desired area is not the tracked object's center.")]
        public Vector3 m_TrackedObjectOffset = Vector3.zero;

        /// <summary>This setting will instruct the composer to adjust its target offset based
        /// on the motion of the target.  The composer will look at a point where it estimates
        /// the target will be this many seconds into the future.  Note that this setting is sensitive
        /// to noisy animation, and can amplify the noise, resulting in undesirable camera jitter.
        /// If the camera jitters unacceptably when the target is in motion, turn down this setting, 
        /// or animate the target more smoothly.</summary>
        [Space]
        [Tooltip("This setting will instruct the composer to adjust its target offset based on the motion of the target.  The composer will look at a point where it estimates the target will be this many seconds into the future.  Note that this setting is sensitive to noisy animation, and can amplify the noise, resulting in undesirable camera jitter.  If the camera jitters unacceptably when the target is in motion, turn down this setting, or animate the target more smoothly.")]
        [Range(0f, 1f)]
        public float m_LookaheadTime = 0;

        /// <summary>Controls the smoothness of the lookahead algorithm.  Larger values smooth out 
        /// jittery predictions and also increase prediction lag</summary>
        [Tooltip("Controls the smoothness of the lookahead algorithm.  Larger values smooth out jittery predictions and also increase prediction lag")]
        [Range(3, 30)]
        public float m_LookaheadSmoothing = 10;

        /// <summary>If checked, movement along the Y axis will be ignored for lookahead calculations</summary>
        [Tooltip("If checked, movement along the Y axis will be ignored for lookahead calculations")]
        public bool m_LookaheadIgnoreY;

        /// <summary>How aggressively the camera tries to follow the target in the screen-horizontal direction.
        /// Small numbers are more responsive, rapidly orienting the camera to keep the target in
        /// the dead zone. Larger numbers give a more heavy slowly responding camera.
        /// Using different vertical and horizontal settings can yield a wide range of camera behaviors.</summary>
        [Space]
        [Range(0f, 20)]
        [Tooltip("How aggressively the camera tries to follow the target in the screen-horizontal direction. Small numbers are more responsive, rapidly orienting the camera to keep the target in the dead zone. Larger numbers give a more heavy slowly responding camera. Using different vertical and horizontal settings can yield a wide range of camera behaviors.")]
        public float m_HorizontalDamping = 0.5f;

        /// <summary>How aggressively the camera tries to follow the target in the screen-vertical direction. 
        /// Small numbers are more responsive, rapidly orienting the camera to keep the target in 
        /// the dead zone. Larger numbers give a more heavy slowly responding camera. Using different vertical 
        /// and horizontal settings can yield a wide range of camera behaviors.</summary>
        [Range(0f, 20)]
        [Tooltip("How aggressively the camera tries to follow the target in the screen-vertical direction. Small numbers are more responsive, rapidly orienting the camera to keep the target in the dead zone. Larger numbers give a more heavy slowly responding camera. Using different vertical and horizontal settings can yield a wide range of camera behaviors.")]
        public float m_VerticalDamping = 0.5f;

        /// <summary>Horizontal screen position for target. The camera will rotate to the position the tracked object here</summary>
        [Space]
        [Range(0f, 1f)]
        [Tooltip("Horizontal screen position for target. The camera will rotate to position the tracked object here.")]
        public float m_ScreenX = 0.5f;

        /// <summary>Vertical screen position for target, The camera will rotate to to position the tracked object here</summary>
        [Range(0f, 1f)]
        [Tooltip("Vertical screen position for target, The camera will rotate to position the tracked object here.")]
        public float m_ScreenY = 0.5f;

        /// <summary>Camera will not rotate horizontally if the target is within this range of the position</summary>
        [Range(0f, 1f)]
        [Tooltip("Camera will not rotate horizontally if the target is within this range of the position.")]
        public float m_DeadZoneWidth = 0f;

        /// <summary>Camera will not rotate vertically if the target is within this range of the position</summary>
        [Range(0f, 1f)]
        [Tooltip("Camera will not rotate vertically if the target is within this range of the position.")]
        public float m_DeadZoneHeight = 0f;

        /// <summary>When target is within this region, camera will gradually move to re-align
        /// towards the desired position, depending onm the damping speed</summary>
        [Range(0f, 2f)]
        [Tooltip("When target is within this region, camera will gradually rotate horizontally to re-align towards the desired position, depending on the damping speed.")]
        public float m_SoftZoneWidth = 0.8f;

        /// <summary>When target is within this region, camera will gradually move to re-align
        /// towards the desired position, depending onm the damping speed</summary>
        [Range(0f, 2f)]
        [Tooltip("When target is within this region, camera will gradually rotate vertically to re-align towards the desired position, depending on the damping speed.")]
        public float m_SoftZoneHeight = 0.8f;

        /// <summary>A non-zero bias will move the targt position away from the center of the soft zone</summary>
        [Range(-0.5f, 0.5f)]
        [Tooltip("A non-zero bias will move the target position horizontally away from the center of the soft zone.")]
        public float m_BiasX = 0f;

        /// <summary>A non-zero bias will move the targt position away from the center of the soft zone</summary>
        [Range(-0.5f, 0.5f)]
        [Tooltip("A non-zero bias will move the target position vertically away from the center of the soft zone.")]
        public float m_BiasY = 0f;

        /// <summary>Force target to center of screen when this camera activates.  If false, will clamp target to the edges of the dead zone</summary>
        [Tooltip("Force target to center of screen when this camera activates.  If false, will clamp target to the edges of the dead zone")]
        public bool m_CenterOnActivate = true;

        /// <summary>True if component is enabled and has a LookAt defined</summary>
        public override bool IsValid { get { return enabled && LookAtTarget != null; } }

        /// <summary>Get the Cinemachine Pipeline stage that this component implements.
        /// Always returns the Aim stage</summary>
        public override CinemachineCore.Stage Stage { get { return CinemachineCore.Stage.Aim; } }

        /// <summary>Internal API for inspector</summary>
        public Vector3 TrackedPoint { get; private set; }

        /// <summary>Apply the target offsets to the target location.
        /// Also set the TrackedPoint property, taking lookahead into account.</summary>
        /// <param name="lookAt">The unoffset LookAt point</param>
        /// <returns>The LookAt point with the offset applied</returns>
        protected virtual Vector3 GetLookAtPointAndSetTrackedPoint(Vector3 lookAt)
        {
            Vector3 pos = lookAt;
            if (LookAtTarget != null)
                pos += LookAtTargetRotation * m_TrackedObjectOffset;

            if (m_LookaheadTime < Epsilon)
                TrackedPoint = pos;
            else
            {
                m_Predictor.IgnoreY = m_LookaheadIgnoreY;
                m_Predictor.Smoothing = m_LookaheadSmoothing;
                m_Predictor.AddPosition(pos);
                TrackedPoint = m_Predictor.PredictPosition(m_LookaheadTime);
            }
            return TrackedPoint;
        }
        
        /// <summary>State information for damping</summary>
        Vector3 m_CameraPosPrevFrame = Vector3.zero;
        Vector3 m_LookAtPrevFrame = Vector3.zero;
        Vector2 m_ScreenOffsetPrevFrame = Vector2.zero;
        Quaternion m_CameraOrientationPrevFrame = Quaternion.identity;
        PositionPredictor m_Predictor = new PositionPredictor();

        /// <summary>This is called to notify the us that a target got warped,
        /// so that we can update its internal state to make the camera 
        /// also warp seamlessy.</summary>
        /// <param name="target">The object that was warped</param>
        /// <param name="positionDelta">The amount the target's position changed</param>
        public override void OnTargetObjectWarped(Transform target, Vector3 positionDelta)
        {
            base.OnTargetObjectWarped(target, positionDelta);
            if (target == LookAtTarget)
            {
                m_CameraPosPrevFrame += positionDelta;
                m_LookAtPrevFrame += positionDelta;
                m_Predictor.ApplyTransformDelta(positionDelta);
            }
        }

        public override void PrePipelineMutateCameraState(ref CameraState curState) 
        {
            if (IsValid && curState.HasLookAt)
                curState.ReferenceLookAt = GetLookAtPointAndSetTrackedPoint(curState.ReferenceLookAt);
        }

        /// <summary>Applies the composer rules and orients the camera accordingly</summary>
        /// <param name="curState">The current camera state</param>
        /// <param name="deltaTime">Used for calculating damping.  If less than
        /// zero, then target will snap to the center of the dead zone.</param>
        public override void MutateCameraState(ref CameraState curState, float deltaTime)
        {
            // Initialize the state for previous frame if appropriate
            if (deltaTime < 0)
                m_Predictor.Reset();
                
            if (!IsValid || !curState.HasLookAt)
                return;

            float targetDistance = (TrackedPoint - curState.CorrectedPosition).magnitude;
            if (targetDistance < Epsilon)
            {
                if (deltaTime >= 0)
                    curState.RawOrientation = m_CameraOrientationPrevFrame;
                return;  // navel-gazing, get outa here
            }

            // Expensive FOV calculations
            mCache.UpdateCache(curState.Lens, SoftGuideRect, HardGuideRect, targetDistance);

            Quaternion rigOrientation = curState.RawOrientation;
            if (deltaTime < 0)
            {
                // No damping, just snap to central bounds, skipping the soft zone
                Rect rect = mCache.mFovSoftGuideRect;
                if (m_CenterOnActivate)
                    rect = new Rect(rect.center, Vector2.zero); // Force to center
                RotateToScreenBounds(ref curState, rect, ref rigOrientation, mCache.mFov, mCache.mFovH, -1);
            }
            else
            {
                // Start with previous frame's orientation (but with current up)
                Vector3 dir = m_LookAtPrevFrame - (m_CameraPosPrevFrame + curState.PositionDampingBypass);
                if (dir.AlmostZero())  
                    rigOrientation = Quaternion.LookRotation(
                        m_CameraOrientationPrevFrame * Vector3.forward, curState.ReferenceUp);
                else 
                {
                    rigOrientation = Quaternion.LookRotation(dir, curState.ReferenceUp);
                    rigOrientation = rigOrientation.ApplyCameraRotation(
                        -m_ScreenOffsetPrevFrame, curState.ReferenceUp);
                }

                // First force the previous rotation into the hard bounds, no damping, 
                // then Now move it through the soft zone, with damping
                if (!RotateToScreenBounds(ref curState, mCache.mFovHardGuideRect, ref rigOrientation, mCache.mFov, mCache.mFovH, -1))
                    RotateToScreenBounds(ref curState, mCache.mFovSoftGuideRect, ref rigOrientation, mCache.mFov, mCache.mFovH, deltaTime);
            }
            m_CameraPosPrevFrame = curState.CorrectedPosition;
            m_LookAtPrevFrame = TrackedPoint;
            m_CameraOrientationPrevFrame = UnityQuaternionExtensions.Normalized(rigOrientation);
            m_ScreenOffsetPrevFrame = m_CameraOrientationPrevFrame.GetCameraRotationToTarget(
                m_LookAtPrevFrame - curState.CorrectedPosition, curState.ReferenceUp);

            curState.RawOrientation = m_CameraOrientationPrevFrame;
        }

        /// <summary>Internal API for the inspector editor</summary>
        internal Rect SoftGuideRect
        {
            get
            {
                return new Rect(
                    m_ScreenX - m_DeadZoneWidth / 2, m_ScreenY - m_DeadZoneHeight / 2,
                    m_DeadZoneWidth, m_DeadZoneHeight);
            }
            set
            {
                m_DeadZoneWidth = Mathf.Clamp01(value.width);
                m_DeadZoneHeight = Mathf.Clamp01(value.height);
                m_ScreenX = Mathf.Clamp01(value.x + m_DeadZoneWidth / 2);
                m_ScreenY = Mathf.Clamp01(value.y + m_DeadZoneHeight / 2);
                m_SoftZoneWidth = Mathf.Max(m_SoftZoneWidth, m_DeadZoneWidth);
                m_SoftZoneHeight = Mathf.Max(m_SoftZoneHeight, m_DeadZoneHeight);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>Internal API for the inspector editor</summary>
        internal Rect HardGuideRect
        {
            get
            {
                Rect r = new Rect(
                        m_ScreenX - m_SoftZoneWidth / 2, m_ScreenY - m_SoftZoneHeight / 2,
                        m_SoftZoneWidth, m_SoftZoneHeight);
                r.position += new Vector2(
                        m_BiasX * (m_SoftZoneWidth - m_DeadZoneWidth),
                        m_BiasY * (m_SoftZoneHeight - m_DeadZoneHeight));
                return r;
            }
            set
            {
                m_SoftZoneWidth = Mathf.Clamp(value.width, 0, 2f);
                m_SoftZoneHeight = Mathf.Clamp(value.height, 0, 2f);
                m_DeadZoneWidth = Mathf.Min(m_DeadZoneWidth, m_SoftZoneWidth);
                m_DeadZoneHeight = Mathf.Min(m_DeadZoneHeight, m_SoftZoneHeight);

                Vector2 center = value.center;
                Vector2 bias = center - new Vector2(m_ScreenX, m_ScreenY);
                float biasWidth = Mathf.Max(0, m_SoftZoneWidth - m_DeadZoneWidth);
                float biasHeight = Mathf.Max(0, m_SoftZoneHeight - m_DeadZoneHeight);
                m_BiasX = biasWidth < Epsilon ? 0 : Mathf.Clamp(bias.x / biasWidth, -0.5f, 0.5f);
                m_BiasY = biasHeight < Epsilon ? 0 : Mathf.Clamp(bias.y / biasHeight, -0.5f, 0.5f);
            }
        }
        
        // Cache for some expensive calculations
        struct FovCache
        {
            public Rect mFovSoftGuideRect;
            public Rect mFovHardGuideRect;
            public float mFovH;
            public float mFov;

            float mOrthoSizeOverDistance;
            float mAspect;
            Rect mSoftGuideRect;
            Rect mHardGuideRect;

            public void UpdateCache(
                LensSettings lens, Rect softGuide, Rect hardGuide, float targetDistance)
            {
                bool recalculate = mAspect != lens.Aspect 
                    || softGuide != mSoftGuideRect || hardGuide != mHardGuideRect;
                if (lens.Orthographic)
                {
                    float orthoOverDistance = Mathf.Abs(lens.OrthographicSize / targetDistance); 
                    if (mOrthoSizeOverDistance == 0 
                        || Mathf.Abs(orthoOverDistance - mOrthoSizeOverDistance) / mOrthoSizeOverDistance
                            > mOrthoSizeOverDistance * 0.01f)
                        recalculate = true;
                    if (recalculate)
                    {
                        // Calculate effective fov - fake it for ortho based on target distance
                        mFov = Mathf.Rad2Deg * 2 * Mathf.Atan(orthoOverDistance);
                        mFovH = Mathf.Rad2Deg * 2 * Mathf.Atan(lens.Aspect * orthoOverDistance);
                        mOrthoSizeOverDistance = orthoOverDistance;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    if (mFov != lens.FieldOfView)
                        recalculate = true;
                    if (recalculate)
                    {
                        mFov = lens.FieldOfView;
                        double radHFOV = 2 * Math.Atan(Math.Tan(mFov * Mathf.Deg2Rad / 2) * lens.Aspect);
                        mFovH = (float)(Mathf.Rad2Deg * radHFOV);
                        mOrthoSizeOverDistance = 0;
                    }
                }
                if (recalculate)
                {
                    mFovSoftGuideRect = ScreenToFOV(softGuide, mFov, mFovH, lens.Aspect);
                    mSoftGuideRect = softGuide;
                    mFovHardGuideRect = ScreenToFOV(hardGuide, mFov, mFovH, lens.Aspect);
                    mHardGuideRect = hardGuide;
                    mAspect = lens.Aspect;
                }
            }

            // Convert from screen coords to normalized FOV angular coords
            private Rect ScreenToFOV(Rect rScreen, float fov, float fovH, float aspect)
            {
                Rect r = new Rect(rScreen);
                Matrix4x4 persp = Matrix4x4.Perspective(fov, aspect, 0.0001f, 2f).inverse;

                Vector3 p = persp.MultiplyPoint(new Vector3(0, (r.yMin * 2f) - 1f, 0.5f)); p.z = -p.z;
                float angle = UnityVectorExtensions.SignedAngle(Vector3.forward, p, Vector3.left);
                r.yMin = ((fov / 2) + angle) / fov;

                p = persp.MultiplyPoint(new Vector3(0, (r.yMax * 2f) - 1f, 0.5f)); p.z = -p.z;
                angle = UnityVectorExtensions.SignedAngle(Vector3.forward, p, Vector3.left);
                r.yMax = ((fov / 2) + angle) / fov;

                p = persp.MultiplyPoint(new Vector3((r.xMin * 2f) - 1f, 0, 0.5f));  p.z = -p.z;
                angle = UnityVectorExtensions.SignedAngle(Vector3.forward, p, Vector3.up);
                r.xMin = ((fovH / 2) + angle) / fovH;

                p = persp.MultiplyPoint(new Vector3((r.xMax * 2f) - 1f, 0, 0.5f));  p.z = -p.z;
                angle = UnityVectorExtensions.SignedAngle(Vector3.forward, p, Vector3.up);
                r.xMax = ((fovH / 2) + angle) / fovH;
                return r;
            }
        }
        FovCache mCache;


        /// <summary>
        /// Adjust the rigOrientation to put the camera within the screen bounds.
        /// If deltaTime >= 0 then damping will be applied.
        /// Assumes that currentOrientation fwd is such that input rigOrientation's
        /// local up is NEVER NEVER NEVER pointing downwards, relative to
        /// state.ReferenceUp.  If this condition is violated
        /// then you will see crazy spinning.  That's the symptom.
        /// </summary>
        private bool RotateToScreenBounds(
            ref CameraState state, Rect screenRect,
            ref Quaternion rigOrientation, float fov, float fovH, float deltaTime)
        {
            Vector3 targetDir = TrackedPoint - state.CorrectedPosition;
            Vector2 rotToRect = rigOrientation.GetCameraRotationToTarget(targetDir, state.ReferenceUp);

            // Bring it to the edge of screenRect, if outside.  Leave it alone if inside.
            ClampVerticalBounds(ref screenRect, targetDir, state.ReferenceUp, fov);
            float min = (screenRect.yMin - 0.5f) * fov;
            float max = (screenRect.yMax - 0.5f) * fov;
            if (rotToRect.x < min)
                rotToRect.x -= min;
            else if (rotToRect.x > max)
                rotToRect.x -= max;
            else
                rotToRect.x = 0;

            min = (screenRect.xMin - 0.5f) * fovH;
            max = (screenRect.xMax - 0.5f) * fovH;
            if (rotToRect.y < min)
                rotToRect.y -= min;
            else if (rotToRect.y > max)
                rotToRect.y -= max;
            else
                rotToRect.y = 0;

            // Apply damping
            if (deltaTime >= 0)
            {
                rotToRect.x = Damper.Damp(rotToRect.x, m_VerticalDamping, deltaTime);
                rotToRect.y = Damper.Damp(rotToRect.y, m_HorizontalDamping, deltaTime);
            }

            // Rotate
            rigOrientation = rigOrientation.ApplyCameraRotation(rotToRect, state.ReferenceUp);
#if false
            // GML this gives false positives when the camera is moving.
            // The way to address this would be to grow the hard rect by the amount 
            // that it would be damped
            return Mathf.Abs(rotToRect.x) > Epsilon || Mathf.Abs(rotToRect.y) > Epsilon;
#else
            return false; 
#endif
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Prevent upside-down camera situation.  This can happen if we have a high
        /// camera pitch combined with composer settings that cause the camera to tilt
        /// beyond the vertical in order to produce the desired framing.  We prevent this by
        /// clamping the composer's vertical settings so that this situation can't happen.
        /// </summary>
        private bool ClampVerticalBounds(ref Rect r, Vector3 dir, Vector3 up, float fov)
        {
            float angle = UnityVectorExtensions.Angle(dir, up);
            float halfFov = (fov / 2f) + 1; // give it a little extra to accommodate precision errors
            if (angle < halfFov)
            {
                // looking up
                float maxY = 1f - (halfFov - angle) / fov;
                if (r.yMax > maxY)
                {
                    r.yMin = Mathf.Min(r.yMin, maxY);
                    r.yMax = Mathf.Min(r.yMax, maxY);
                    return true;
                }
            }
            if (angle > (180 - halfFov))
            {
                // looking down
                float minY = (angle - (180 - halfFov)) / fov;
                if (minY > r.yMin)
                {
                    r.yMin = Mathf.Max(r.yMin, minY);
                    r.yMax = Mathf.Max(r.yMax, minY);
                    return true;
                }
            }
            return false;
        }
    }
}
